伏晴艳;沈寅;张健;

• 1:上海市环境监测中心

摘要(Abstract)：

建立可靠的船舶排放清单不仅是大气环境科学领域对船舶排放影响进行定量研究的重要基础,也是管理部门制定污染减排措施和政策的重要依据。以常规大气污染物和温室气体为研究对象,采用由下而上的动力法对进出上海港船舶排放进行了研究。通过对上海港船舶进出签证数、船舶种类、吨位分布、运行工况、排放因子和燃油校正因子等多要素开展调查和分析,获得了上海港外港和内河9种船种和4种运行工况条件下大气污染物和温室气体排放总量,并结合船舶自动识别系统(AIS)确定了1 km×1 km网格精度的大气污染物和温室气体的排放空间分布。结果表明:2010年,上海港船舶排放PM100.46万t,PM2.50.37万t,柴油颗粒物(DPM)0.44万t,NOx5.73万t,SOx3.54万t,CO 0.49万t,碳氢化合物(HC)0.21万t;排放温室气体CO2288.55万t,N2O0.01万t,CH40.004万t。与全市排放清单总量相比,上海港船舶排放对SO2、NOx和PM2.5的排放影响最为显著,分担率分别达到12.0%、9.0%和5.3%。其中,以远洋船为首要来源,其排放量对全市排放清单的分担率分别为12.0%、8.4%和5.1%。

关键词(KeyWords)： 水路运输;大气污染物;温室气体;排放清单;上海港

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 上海市环保局科研项目(沪环2010-9,沪环2011-55)

作者(Authors): 伏晴艳;沈寅;张健;

参考文献(References)：

• [1]TONG Jie(童洁).Top development speed ofports in China(中国港口发展速度独步世界)[N].China Marine Post(中国水运报),2011-02-16.
• [2]ZHANG Shengguang(张生光),JU Meiting(鞠美庭),SHAOChaofeng(邵超峰).Environmental issues and countermeasure analysisduring the development of ports in China[J].China EnvironmentalManagement(我国环境管理),2008,3:26-29.
• [3]ZHANG Tingfa(张庭发).Air pollution and prevention in ports[J].Traffic and Transportation(交通与运输).2006,6:44-45.
• [4]SUN Wei(孙伟),ZHAO Tongbin(赵同宾),FAN Jianxin(范建新),et al.Analysis of air pollutants emission standards for land-based testingofmarine diesel engine[J].Diesel Engine(柴油机),2011,33(4):34-38.
• [5]FAN Shoubin(樊守彬),NIE Lei(聂磊),LI Xuefeng(李雪峰),etal.Calculating airport emissionwith EDMS model[J].Journal ofSafetyand Environment(安全与环境学报),2010,10(4):93-96.
• [6]SHARMA D C.Ports in storm[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2006,114(4):A223-A231.
• [7]E Hailiang(鄂海亮).Study on the shipping pollution prevention systemin China(我国船舶污染防治体系的分析研究)[D].Dalian:Dalian Maritime University,2008.
• [8]FAN Libin(范利彬).Oversee green port development and experiences[J].Pearl River Water Transportation(珠江水运),2009,9:21-23.
• [9]CORBETT J J,WINEBRAKE J J,GREEN E H,et al.Mortality fromship emissions:a global assessment[J].Environmental Science andTechnology,2007,41(24):8512-8518.
• [10]YANG Dongqing,STEPHANIEN K,LU Tao,et al.An emission in-ventory ofmarine vessels in Shanghai in 2003[J].Environmental Sci-ence&Technology,2007,41(15):5184-5190.
• [11]LI Zhiheng(李智恒),HE Long(何龙).Emission inventory estima-tion methods study of ship pollutants[J].Guangxi Journal ofLight In-dustry(广西轻工业),2011,150(5):79-80.
• [12]Hong Kong Transport and Housing Bureau(香港运输及房屋局).Summary statistics on shipping industry ofHongKong(香港航运业统计摘要)[EB/OL].[2012-06].http://www.mic.gov.hk.
• [13]FU Qingyan(伏晴艳),SHEN Yin(沈寅),CHENG Jianming(程健明),et al.Study on emission inventory and countermeasure in Shang-hai port(上海市港口船舶污染物排放现状调查及对策研究)[R].Shanghai:Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center,2011.
• [14]CORBETT J J,KOEHLER H W.Update emissions from ocean ship-ping[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(D20):4650-4666.
• [15]EYRING V,K¨OHLER H W,Van AARDENNE J,et al.Emissionsfrom international shipping:1.The last 50 years[J].Journal of Geo-physical Research,2005,110:D17305.
• [16]PAXIAN A,EYRING V,BEER W,et al.Presen-t day and futureglobal bottom-up ship emission inventories including polar routes[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2010,44:1333-1339.
• [17]ARCHANA A,GUISELLE A,ANDERSON B,et al.Port ofLosAn-geles air emissions inventory-2009,ADP#050520-525[R].LLC,Poulsbo:Starcrest Consulting Group,2011.
• [18]Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach.San Pedro Bay Portsclean air action plan[R].Shanghai:Shanghai Environmental Monitor-ing Center,2010:30-54.
• [19]Sydney Ports Corporation.Green port guidelines[R].Shanghai:Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center,2006:16-24.
• [20]WHALL C,STAVRAKAKI A,RITCHIE A,et al.Ship emissions in-ventory—Mediterranean Sea[R].Norwich,UK:Entec UK Limited,2007:118-122.
• [21]International Maritime Organization.Regulations for the prevention ofair pollution from ships,Marpol 73/78 Annex VI[R].Shanghai:Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center,2005.
• [22]CHEN Jinhuang(陈锦煌),LIN Qinghe(林清和),WU Yilin(吴义林),et al.Emission inventory of air pollution inport and managementstudy(港区空气污染物排放清册建置及管制策略研拟),EPA-98-FA13-03-A181[R].Shanghai:Shanghai Environmental MonitoringCenter,2010.
• [23]CHRISW,SCARBROUGHT,STAVRAKAKIA,etal.U Kshipe-missions inventory[R].London:EntecUKLimited,2010:85-90.
• [24]GUO Yang(郭洋).Newruleson air pollutionemission of ships[J].China Ship Survey(中国船检).2010,6:35-37.
• [25]MA Guangyuan(马广元).Introduction on international airpollution prevention certificates on shipping and examination content[J].China Water Transport(中国水运),2008.8(6):18-19.