夏之彬;徐志胜;陈玉远;赵家明;应后淋;

• 1:南京市消防救援支队
• 2:中南大学防灾科学与安全技术研究所
• 3:中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司

摘要(Abstract)：

顶部集中排烟模式在特长盾构隧道中普遍应用。随着采用集中排烟模式的隧道距离加长，排烟阀预留孔洞增加，漏风点增多，一种新型排烟阀应用于实际工程。依托江阴靖江长江隧道，利用火灾动力学软件(FDS),采用数值模拟方法研究了盾构隧道顶部集中排烟模式排烟阀组内合理间距，分析了排烟阀处流场特性、隧道内排烟阀附近温度分布规律、排烟状态、质量流量和排烟效率。结果表明：随排烟阀组内间距增大，排烟道及行车道内会形成大规模的涡旋，且隧道内排烟阀附近纵向温度分布从“V”形变为“W”形；排烟阀组内间距变化对排烟阀的排烟状态、质量流率及排烟效率影响较小。针对本项目，综合考虑排烟效率、温度场分布规律及流场分布规律，建议排烟阀组内间距d不超过1.6 m(1a)。

关键词(KeyWords)： 安全工程;盾构隧道;隧道火灾;集中排烟模式;排烟阀组

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司研究项目

作者(Authors): 夏之彬;徐志胜;陈玉远;赵家明;应后淋;

DOI: 10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2021.2202

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 中华人民共和国交通运输部.2020年交通运输行业发展统计公报[EB/OL].[2021-11-18].https://xxgk.mot.gov.cn/2020/jigou/zhghs/202105/t20210517_3593412.html.Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China.Statistical bulletin on the development of transportation industry in 2020[EB/OL].[2021-11-18].https://xxgk.mot.gov.cn/2020/jigou/zhghs/202105/t20210517_3593412.html.
• [2] 陈玉远.江阴靖江长江隧道通风新技术汇报[R].长沙：中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司，2020:20.CHEN Y Y.Report on new ventilation technology of Jiangyin Jingjiang Yangtze River Tunnel[R].Changsha:China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.,Ltd.,2020:20.
• [3] VAUQUELIN O,MEGRET O.Smoke extraction experiments in case of fire in a tunnel[J].Fire Safety Journal,2002,37:525-533.
• [4] INGASON H,LI Y Z.Model scale tunnel fire tests with point extraction ventilation[J].Journal of Fire Protection Engineering,2011,21(1):5-36.
• [5] 姜学鹏，王成伟，于年灏.集中排烟隧道排烟口合理间距试验研究[J].现代隧道技术，2016,53(4):123-128.JIANG X P,WANG C W,YU N H.Experimental study on reasonable spacing of smoke outlets in centralized smoke extraction tunnel[J].Modern Tunnel Technology,2016,53(4):123-128.
• [6] 道路隧道设计规范：DG/T J08-2033—2008[S].Roadtunnel design code:DG/T J08-2033—2008[S].
• [7] 道路隧道设计规范：DG/T J08-2033—2017[S].Roadtunnel design code:DG/T J08-2033—2017[S].
• [8] 公路隧道消防技术规范：DB43 729—2012[S].Firesafety code for road tunnel:DB43 729—2012[S].
• [9] CHAABAT F,SALIZZONI P,CREYSSELS M.et al.Smoke control in tunnel with a transverse ventilation system:An experimental study[J].Building and Environment,2020,167:106480.
• [10] 吴小华，李耀庄，易亮，等.隧道集中排烟模式下火灾数值模拟研究[J].安全与环境学报，2010,10(6):145-149.WU X H,LI Y Z,YI L,et al.Numerical simulation of tunnel fire under centralized smoke exhaust mode[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2010,10(6):145-149.
• [11] 潘一平，赵红莉，吴德兴，等.隧道火灾集中排烟模式下的排烟效率研究[J].安全与环境学报，2012,12(2):191-196.PAN Y P,ZHAO H L,WU D X,et al.Study on smoke exhaust efficiency of centralized smoke exhaust mode in tunnel fire[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2012,12(2):191-196.
• [12] 谢力能，姜学鹏.排烟阀设置对隧道集中排烟效果影响研究[J].公路工程，2013,38(3):77-82.XIE L N,JIANG X P.Study on the influence of smoke exhaust valve setting on centralized smoke exhaust effect of tunnel[J].Highway Engineering,2013,38(3):77-82.
• [13] HARISH R.,VENKATASUBBAIAH K.Effects of buoyancy induced roof ventilation systems for smoke removal in tunnel fires[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2014,42:195-205.
• [14] 代言明，刘鹏飞，陶维号，等.隧道半横向排烟模式下不同排烟口分布的温度场数值模拟研究[J].火灾科学，2014,23(4):203-209.DAI Y M,LIU P F,TAO W H,et al.Numerical simulation of temperature field in tunnel with different smoke outlet distribution under semi transverse smoke exhaustmode[J].Fire Safety Science,2014,23(4):203-209.
• [15] YAN Z G,ZHANG Y X,GUO Q C,et al.Numerical study on the smoke control using point extraction strategy in a large cross-section tunnel in fire[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2018,82:455-467.
• [16] 姜学鹏，李超，谢智云.侧部集中排烟口布置对烟气层吸穿影响研究[J].安全与环境学报，2021,21(4):1506-1515.JIANG X P,LI C,XIE Z Y.Influence of the side concentrated smoke exhaust layout on the smoke layer absorption and penetration[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2021,21(4):1506-1515.
• [17] MCGRATTAN K,HOSTIKKA S,MCDERMOTT R,et al.Firedynamics simulator:technical reference guide[M].Gaithersburg:NIST Special Institute of Standards and Technology,2018:1-192.
• [18] 公路隧道通风设计细则：JTG/T D70/2-02—2014[S].Guidelines fordesign of ventilation of highway tunnels:JTG/T D70/2-02—2014[S].
• [19] 火灾自动报警系统设计规范：GB 50116—2013[S].Code for design of automatic fire alarm system:GB 50116—2013[S].
• [20] 徐志胜，应后淋，赵家明，等.+3%坡度盾构隧道集中排烟模式排烟阀开启方式的研究[J/OL].安全与环境学报：1-11[2021-11-11].https://kns.cnki.net/KXReader/Detail?invoice=suU3GoS6ZL2sd 8Iujii0mzTR0R4f0CpxeZQkttvjm0yB7S1%2BITKRf%2FlI%2Bkd46JVtH5SSQ%2BQb3xTceUY5qdkjwmmlp S5N2p%2B0mlqqxDv%2F56%2FdcWEtAmcJbf7%2B2yZoapyw2EgFd1zDMREHkmgxR2%2F%2BIdoSsw MGjFOIavstGHN76nY%3D&DBCODE=CAPJ&FileName=AQHJ20210810000&TABLEName=capjlast&nonce=49E7E32999414CCEAECED89F415AFD07&uid=&TIMESTAMP=1650962879580.XU Z S,YING H L,ZHAO J M,et al.Study on the opening method of smoke exhaust valve in centralized smoke exhaust mode of +3% slope shield tunnel[J/OL].Journal of Safety and Environment:1-11[2021-11-11].https://kns.cnki.net/KXReader/Detail?invoice=suU3GoS6ZL2sd8Iujii0mzTR0R4f0CpxeZQkttv jm0yB7S1%2BITKRf%2FlI%2Bkd46JVtH5SSQ%2BQb3xTceUY5qdkjwmmlpS5N2p%2B0mlqqxDv%2F56%2FdcWEtAmcJbf7%2B2yZoapyw2EgFd1zDMREHkmgxR2%2F%2BIdoSswMGjFOIavstGHN76nY%3D&DBCODE=CAPJ&FileName=AQHJ20210810000&TABLEName=capjlast&nonce=49E7E32999414CCEAECED89F415AFD07 &uid=&TIMESTAMP=1650962879580.
• [21] 陶浩文，徐志胜，周冬梅.建筑火灾顶棚射流的数值模拟及火焰扩展长度处理方法[J/OL].安全与环境学报：1-9[2022-03-16].https://kns.cnki.net/KXReader/Detail?invoice=Z56fq8B%2Fc4U4M30c HiIXcyzntKmJz4DJDfuHCUxOhHXLZKBu7LzMyCbbG4u Nzu%2BQChiwg73Js5Rkq2NQbUFTf6%2FjWfbxEBXb GaW5L26c7M4wSqgiQ7j2I%2FRq28NK90fGkOFKthbow%2FsQliYvC%2FjZardLoN2Q2gyei83fatvaRK0%3D&DBCO DE=CAPJ&FileName=AQHJ20220301001&TABLEName=capjlast&nonce=7A84A9D913594AA09B2312FD66CB3E20 &uid=&TIMESTAMP=1650962811909.TAO H W,XU Z S,ZHOU D M.Numerical study on the ceiling jet phenomenon in building fire and the methods to determine the flame extension length[J/OL].Journal of Safety and Environment:1-9[2022-03-16].https://kns.cnki.net/KXReader/Detail?invoice=Z56fq8B%2Fc4U4M30cHiIXcyzntKmJz4DJDfuHCUx OhHXLZKBu7LzMyCbbG4uNzu%2BQChiwg73Js5Rkq2 NQbUFTf6%2FjWfbxEBXbGaW5L26c7M4wSqgiQ7j2I %2FRq28NK90fGkOFKthbow%2FsQliYvC%2FjZardLo N2Q2gyei83fatvaRK0%3D&DBCODE=CAPJ&File Name=AQHJ20220301001&TABLEName=capjlast& nonce=7A84A9D913594AA09B2312FD66CB3E20&uid=&TIMESTAMP=1650962811909.
• [22] MCGRATTAN K,MCDERMOTT R,FLOYD J,et,al.Computational fluid dynamics modelling of fire[J].International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics,2012,26:349-361.
• [23] MCGRATTAN K,HOSTIKKA S,MCDERMOTT R,et al.Fire dynamics simulator,user's guide[M].Gaithersburg:NIST Special Institute of Standards and Technology,2013:145-147.
• [24] 钟委，韩宁，孙超鹏.障碍物对隧道火灾中竖井自然排烟效果的影响[J].中国安全生产科学技术，2021,17(1):48-53.ZHONG W,HAN N,SUN C P.Influence of obstacles on natural smoke exhaust effect of shaft in tunnel fire[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2021,17(1):48-53.
• [25] ZHAO S,XU L,OBADI I,et al.Plug-holing height and complete plug-holing phenomenon in naturally ventilated tunnel fires with vertical shaft[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2021,107:103631.
• [26] 姜学鹏，朱珠，乔意峰，等.纵向通风下隧道长度对临界风速的影响分析[J].地下空间与工程学报，2019,15(4):1267-1272.JIANG X P,ZHU Z,QIAO Y F,et al.Influence of tunnel length on critical wind speed under longitudinal ventilation[J].Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2019,15(4):1267-1272.
• [27] KHATTRI S K,LOG T,KRAAIJEVELD A.A novel representation of the critical ventilation velocity for mitigating tunnel fires[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2021,112:103853.
• [28] 姜学鹏，李超，谢智云.侧部集中排烟口布置对烟气层吸穿影响研究[J].安全与环境学报，2021,21(4):1506-1515.JIANG X P,LI C,XIE Z Y.Study on the influence ofside centralized smoke exhaust outlet arrangement on smoke layer absorption and penetration[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2021,21(4):1506-1515.
• [29] XU Z S,ZHAO J M,LIU Q L,et al.Experimental investigation on smoke spread characteristics and smoke layer height in tunnels[J].Fire and Materials,2019,43(3):303-309.
• [30] HURLEY M J,GOTTUK D,HALL J J R,et al.SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering[M].5th ed.New York:Springer,2016.
• [31] JIANG X P,LIAO X J,CHEN S,et al.An experimental study on plug-holing in tunnel fire with central smoke extraction[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2018,138:840-848.
• [32] 徐志胜，谢宝超，张焱，等.公路隧道通风排烟及人员疏散[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2021.XU Z S,XIE B C,ZHANG Y,et al.Smoke exhaust and evacuation of highway tunnels[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2021.