黄顺祥;胡非;王自发;

• 1:中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室
• 2:中国科学院大学
• 3:防化学院履约事务部

摘要(Abstract)：

回顾了大气扩散研究的发展历程,根据动力学原理将大气扩散模式的发展分为高斯扩散模式、准静力模式、非静力模式、CFD软件、单向耦合模式和双向耦合模式6代。从核生化武器效应、核生化武器销毁危害预测与评价、核生化事故危害预测与评价几方面剖析了防化领域的大气扩散问题,论述了大气扩散在防化领域中的研究现状。提出了大气扩散数值模拟在核生化安全和核生化防护领域中需要进一步发展的研究方向。

关键词(KeyWords)： 公共安全;大气扩散;核生化防护;核生化安全;数值模式

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(41375154);; 公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106033);; 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室开放课题(LAPC-KF-2011-05)

作者(Authors): 黄顺祥;胡非;王自发;

参考文献(References)：

• [1]CHEN Jinzhou(陈金周),CHEN Haiping(陈海平),WANG Xuanyu(王玄玉),et al.Chemical weapons effect and destruction(化学武器效应及销毁)[M].Beijing:The Publishing House of Ordnance Industry,2002.
• [2]HUANG Shunxiang(黄顺祥),CHEN Haiping(陈海平),LIU Feng(刘峰),et al.Chemical risk assessment(化学风险评估)[M].Beijing:Chinese Meteorology Press,2010.
• [3]JIANG Weimei(蒋维楣),SUN Jianning(孔鉴泞),CAO Wenjun(曹文俊),et al.Air pollution meteorology tutorials(空气污染气象学教程[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Chinese Meteorology Press,2004.
• [4]LIU Shengyu(刘盛余),LU Chengwei(陆成伟).Progress of the air pollutant dispersion models[C]//Sichuan Provincial Environmental Sciences Society(四川省环境科学学会).Symposium on air pollution prevention for world modern garden city(世界现代田园城市空气环境污染防治学术交流会论文集).Chengdu:Sichuan Provincial Environmental Sciences Society,2010:91-95.
• [5]WANG Mingxing(王明星).Atmospheric chemistry(大气化学)[M].Beijing:Chinese Meteorology Press,1991.
• [6]GB 16297—1996 Integrated emission standard of air pollutants(大气污染物综合排放标准)[S].
• [7]WANG Weiping(王伟平),YU Xigang(余锡刚).Application of Gauss dispersion model[J].Journal of Zhejiang Meteorology(浙江气象科技),1987,8(4):37-45.
• [8]SANG Jianguo(桑建国),WEN Shigeng(温市耕).Numerical calculation on atmospheric diffusion(大气扩散的数值计算)[M].Beijing:Chinese Meteorology Press,1992.
• [9]DUDHIA J,GILL D,GUO Y R,et al.PSU/NCAR mesoscale modeling system tutorial class notes and user’s guide:MM5 Modeling System Version 3[M].Denver:PSU/NCAR,2001.
• [10]PIELKE R A,COTTON W R,WALKO R L,et al.A comprehensive meteorological modeling system—RAMS[J].Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics,1992,49(1):69-91.
• [11]JANJIC Z I,BLACK T L,ROGERS E,et al.Proceedings of the10th conference on mesoscale processes[C].Portland:Meteorological Society,2003.
• [12]ENVIRON International Corporation.User’s guide,comprehensive air quality model with extensions(CAMx),Version 5.00[M].Washington:ENVIRON International Corporation,2009.
• [13]FRANCIS S B,SHAWN J R.Models-3 community multiscale air quality(CMAQ)model aerosol component[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(6):4183.
• [14]ZHU Rong(朱蓉),XU Dahai(徐大海),MENG Yanjun(孟燕君),et al.City air pollution numerical prediction system and its application[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science(应用气象学报),2001,12(3):267-278.
• [15]WANG Zifa(王自发),XIE Fuying(谢付莹),WANG Xiquan(王喜全),et al.Development and application of nested air quality prediction modeling system[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(大气科学),2006,30(5):778-790.
• [16]FRANZESE P.Lagrangian stochastic modeling of a fluctuating plume in the convective boundary layer[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(12):1691-1701.
• [17]MANOMAIPHIBOOK K,RUSSELL A G.Effects of uncertainties in parameters of a Lagrangian particle model on mean ground-level concentrations under stable conditions[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(33):5529-5543.
• [18]HUANG Shunxiang(黄顺祥),CHEN Haiping(陈海平),LIU Feng(刘峰),et al.Numerical simulation and experimental comparison on atmospheric pollution chemical accident hazard predicting(CDM)[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis(北京大学学报:自然科学版),2011,47(4):664-670.
• [19]LI J G,ATKINSON B W.An inert tracer dispersion scheme for use in a mesoscale atmospheric model[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(23):4011-4018.
• [20]RODRIGUEZ D J,CEDERWALL R T.A preliminary evaluation of ADPIC model performance on selected Anatex releases using observed,analyzed,and dynamically predicted winds[J].NATO Challenges of Modern Society,1991,15:439-446.
• [21]ICF.User's guide to the regional modeling system for aerosols and deposition(REMSAD)[M].San Francisco:ICF Consulting/SAI,2005.
• [22]TOMINAGA Y,MURAKAMI S,MOCHIDA A.CFD prediction of gaseous diffusion around a cubic model using a dynamic mixed SGS model based on composite grid technique[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1997,67/68:827-841.
• [23]BORNSTEIN R D,CRAIG K J.Urbanization of numerical mesoscale models[C]//ISEH and IAHR.Proceedings of the 2001 International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics.Tempe:ISEH and IAHR,2001.
• [24]LI L,HU F,JIANG J H,et al.An application of RAMS/FLUENT system on the multi-scale numerical simulation of urban surface layer—a preliminary study[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2007,24(2):271-280.
• [25]YAMADA T.Merging CFD and atmospheric modeling capabilities to simulate airflows and dispersion in urban areas[J].Computational Fluid Dynamics Journal,2004,13(2):329-341.
• [26]YAMADA T,KOIKE K.The A2C mesoscale meteorological modeling system for computational wind engineering applications[C]//ALAN H.Fifth International Symposium on Computational Wind Engineering(CWE 2010).Chapel Hill:Ukrainian Biofuel Portal,2010.
• [27]CHEN Haiping(陈海平),SHI Jianhua(石建华).Chemical weapons and defense experiment(化学武器及其防护试验研究)[M].Beijing:Chinese Meteorology Press,2012.
• [28]MCNAUGHT L W.Nuclear weapons and their effect[M].Washington:Potomac Books Inc,1984.
• [29]ZHOU Jian(周健).Biological weapons[J].Chinese Science and Technology Terms Journal(科技术语研究),2001(4):42-43.
• [30]KE Jiaxiong(柯佳雄),SONG Li(宋黎),LIU Feng(刘峰),et al.Indoor NBC hazard numerical simulation(室内核生化危害数值模拟)[M].Beijing:Chinese Meteorology Press,2012.
• [31]SHI Jianhua(石建华),ZHOU Xuezhi(周学志).JACWs retrieve technical regulations(日本遗弃化学武器回收技术规程)[M].Beijing:China Economic Press,2007.
• [32]HUANG Shunxiang(黄顺祥).Hazard assessment report of the Haerbaling Japanese abandoned chemical weapons destruction project(哈尔巴岭日遗化武销毁工程风险评估报告)[R].Beijing:Institute of Chemical Defense,2011.
• [33]HUANG S X,YANG W D,ZHOU J Y,et al.Hazard assessment for Japanese abandoned chemical weapons destruction based on local-scale atmospheric dispersion simulation[J].Advanced Materials Research,2015,1092/1093:678-686.
• [34]HUANG Shunxiang(黄顺祥),LIU Feng(刘峰),GUAN Caihong(关彩虹),et al.A hazard prediction and control system for chemicals transport(一种危险化学品运输的危害预测与控制系统):China,CN201410131835.0[P].2014-04-03.
• [35]YU Yifeng(于义风),SHI Bobo(史波波).Study on North Korean nuclear issue(朝鲜核问题研究)[M].Beijing:Institute of Chemical Defense,2008.
• [36]HUANG S X,LIU P,HU F,et al.Countering nuclear,chemical and biological terrors and the essential role of atmospheric sciences[C]//LI S C,WANG Y J,HUANG P.Progress in safety science and technology:Part B.Beijing:Science Press,2005:1830-1836.
• [37]GALMARINI S,STOHL A,WOTAWA G.Fund experiments on atmospheric hazards[J].Nature,2011,473:285.
• [38]YANG Y S,SONG K W.Radioactivity release from the Fukushima accident and its consequences:a review[J].Progress in Nuclear Energy,2014,74:61-70.
• [39]HUANG S X,LI H M,FU T B,et al.Numerical simulation on nuclear accident hazard predicting and warning[C]//LI S C,WANG W Y,AN Y.Progress in safety science and technology:Part A.Beijing:Science Press,2010:59-63.
• [40]HU Erbang(胡二邦),CHEN Jiayi(陈家宜).Nuclear power plants atmospheric dispersion and their environmental assessment(核电厂大气扩散及其环境影响评价)[M].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,1999.
• [41]CLAUDIA L,JURGEN P S,WOLFGANG R.The decision support system RODOS[R].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2014:337-348.
• [42]THOMAS J S,JAMES S E,CONNEE S F,et al.Atmospheric release advisory capability:real-time modeling of airborne hazardous materials[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1993,74(12):2343-2361.
• [43]YU M,TOSHIMASA O,MASATO N.SPEEDI and WSPEEDI:Japanese emergency response systems to predict radiological impacts in local and workplace areas due to a nuclear accident[J].Radiation Protection Dosimetry,2011,50(2/3/4):145-152.
• [44]CHINO M,NAKAYAMA H,NAGAI H,et al.Preliminary estimation of release amounts of131I and137Cs accidentally discharged from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the atmosphere[J].Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology,2011,84(7):1129-1134.
• [45]STOHL A,SEIBERT P,ARDUINI J,et al.An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases:sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2009,9:1597-1620.
• [46]HUANG S X,WANG X M,FU T B,et al.An integrated approach on predicting,warning and optimized controlling system based on GIS for nuclear accident hazard[C]//KHINE S T.Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Computers,Communications,Control and Automation(CCCA 2011).New York:IEEE,2011:301-305.
• [47]PAN Ziqiang(潘自强).Nuclear energy development and nuclear emergency[J].Radioprotection(辐射防护),2007,27(1):1-5.
• [48]YAO Rentai(姚仁太),HAO Hongwei(郝宏伟),HUANG Jie(黄杰),et al.A real-time system TW-NAOCAS of accident consequence assessment for Tianwan NPP[J].Radiation Protection Bulletin(辐射防护通讯),2006,26(2):1-9.
• [49]YAN Zheng(闫政),WU Xinmin(吴信民),DENG Lei(邓磊),et al.Simulations of nuclear accidents atmospheric dispersion of airborne radioactive contaminants based on Monte-Carlo model[J].Nuclear Techniques(核技术),2011,34(3):193-198.
• [50]KHALID I A-W,PERRY J S.Preliminary sensitivity analysis of urban airshed model simulations to temporal and spatial availability of boundary layer wind measurements[J].Atmospheric Environment,1996,30(12):2027-2042.
• [51]HUANG S X,LIU F,LIU P.Study on a chemical hazard early warning technology platform[C]//LI S C,WANG Y J,AN Y,et al.Progress in safety science and technology(VOL.Ⅶ).Beijing:Science Press,2008:394-398.
• [52]HUANG S X,LIU F,LI H M,et al.Numerical study on the chemical hazard aiming at the security during 2008 Beijing Olympic Games[C]//HUANG X H,DA L,ZU X,et al.Proceedings of 2010 Second World Congress on Software Engineering(WCSE2010).New York:IEEE,2010:94-97.
• [53]LI H M,ZHOU X Z,CHEN H P,et al.Numerical simulation and field experiment validation of atmospheric pollution chemical accidents based on canopy model[C]//ZHOU X L.Proceedings of2011 International Conference on Energy and Environment(ICEE2011).New York:IEEE,2011:46-50.
• [54]HUANG S X,LIU F,ZHU J,et al.Study on the multi-influences of buildings and complex terrains on pollutant transport and diffusion[C]//ZHOU X L.Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Energy and Environment(ICEE 2011).New York:IEEE,2011:437-441.