樊敏,肖宇婷,姚婧,谌书,赵丽

• 1:西南科技大学环境与资源学院

摘要(Abstract)：

识别流域主要污染源和首要污染物及探究该流域污染空间分布特征是成功实现流域水环境管理的关键之一。以沱江流域为研究区域，以28个县为基本计算单元，首先采用排污系数法估算各污染源的化学需氧量(COD)、氨(NH_3-N)、总氮(NT)和总磷(TP)污染负荷。然后采用等标污染排放量评价法确定该流域的主要污染源和污染物及识别污染严重区域。最后利用探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)探索各污染物等标污染排放量的空间分布格局。结果表明，1)城市生活污染源对COD、NH_3-N和TN污染负荷的贡献率分别为53.14%、42.41%和35.76%,这表明城市生活污染源对沱江流域的污染负荷影响更大，该污染源是COD、NH_3-N和TN污染物的主要来源，城填生活污染源和畜禽养殖业污染源对TP污染负荷的贡献率分别为29.88%和36.31%。2)从总量来看，该流域COD、NH_3-N、TN和TP的等标污染排放量为2.24×10~4 m~3、3.75×10~4 m~3、8.01×10~4 m~3和6.39×10~(4 )m~3,TN是沱江流域的主要污染物。从空间角度来看，COD、NH_3-N、TN等标污染排放量的空间分布特征由大到小依次为中游、上游、下游。中游NH_3-N、TN和TP等标污染排放量最大的区县是安岳县，分别达2 447.73 m~3、5 313.28 m~3和4 426.64 m~3,COD等标排污量最大值出现在仁寿县，达1 286.30 m~3;上游COD、NH_3-N、TN、TP等标污染排放量最高值出现在旌阳区，分别达到1 118.96 m~3、1 558.69 m~3、3 382.95 m~3和2 802.99 m~3;下游COD、NH_3-N、TN和TP等标污染排放量最大值出现在泸县，分别达979.27 m~3、1 795.99 m~3、3 832.07 m~3和3 378.77 m~3。旌阳区、新都区、龙泉驿区和安岳县的等标污染排放量高且强度大。3)各污染负荷的等标污染排放量的空间自相关指标均较大。这表明各污染负荷等标污染排放量的空间分布特征呈现集聚趋势。污染高风险地区主要出现在沱江流域中部，即雁江区、仁寿县和安岳县等区县，尤其是雁江区各污染物污染风险水平均最高。低风险地区主要集中在荣县、贡井区、自流井区、沿滩区和富顺县等下游区县。

关键词(KeyWords)： 环境学;排污系数;源解析;探索性空间数据分析(ESDA);沱江流域

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2019YFS0057,2019YFS0055,2020YFS0306);; 国家自然科学基金项目(41601088)

作者(Author): 樊敏,肖宇婷,姚婧,谌书,赵丽

DOI: 10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2021.0435

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