高温高湿环境下人员劳动负荷与疲劳水平试验研究Experimental study of the heavy-duty working condition and intensified fatigue grade for the workmen under high temperature and great humidity environment
张超;唐仕川;李东明;邢娟娟;徐阿猛;李季;
摘要(Abstract):
为了找出高温高湿作业环境下人员劳动强度对生理、心理指标的影响规律,在实验室建立了高温高湿环境模拟体系。试验人员选择年龄相近、身体状况相仿的50名在校大学生,设定了微风(风速小于1.5 m/s)及湿球黑球温度(WBGT)为26℃、33℃、35℃、38℃以上4种环境条件,试验人员按事先规定的运动方式从事极重体力劳动和重体力劳动负荷训练,实时监测人员心率和评价主观疲劳程度,计算人员心血管负荷(CVL)和主观疲劳程度,对数据进行相关性分析,并绘制不同劳动负荷、不同环境温度下的柱状趋势图。结果表明,在同等劳动负荷下,人员心血管负荷和主观疲劳程度与环境温度(WBGT)存在正相关性。根据人员心血管负荷预警级别,提出当作业环境温度(WBGT)达到35℃及以上时,应立即停止人员重体力和极重体力劳动负荷作业。根据试验结果,结合现场实际,提出从事高温高湿作业的人员,应合理安排劳动和作息,加强水盐及营养的补充,加强个体健康监护。
关键词(KeyWords): 安全管理工程;高温作业;心率;心血管负荷;疲劳
基金项目(Foundation): 北京市科学技术研究院扶持项目(PXM2014-178304-000002-00130228);; 中央高校基本科研业务基金项目(3142014011)
作者(Authors): 张超;唐仕川;李东明;邢娟娟;徐阿猛;李季;
参考文献(References):
- [1]HUANG Jianhua(黄建华),ZHANG Hui(张慧).Human and heat environment(人与热环境)[D].Beijing:Science Press,2010.
- [2]SUN Bing(孙兵),XING Liangmei(邢良美).Effect of heat stress on body movement[J].Journal of Shandong Institute of Physical Education and Sports(山东体育学院学报),2008,24(9):40-42.
- [3]JI Yibin(季益斌),PANG Liping(庞丽萍),WANG Jun(王浚).Assessment of thermal comfort for aircraft cabin environment[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2015,15(1):306-309.
- [4]LIU Weidong(刘卫东).Survey of effect for coal mine workers in heat stress[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology(中国安全生产科学技术),2007,3(3):43-45.
- [5]WANG Jinzhong(王尽忠).Study on control of hot and humid environment in TBM driving of Zhongtianshan Extra-long Tunnel[J].Tunnel Construction(隧道建设),2014,3(2):212-214.
- [6]WEI Huijiao(魏慧娇).Experimental research on thermal acclimatization and work efficiency under extreme heat environment(高温环境下热习服训练和工作效率的实验研究)[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2010.
- [7]WISSLER E H.Mathematical simulation of human thermal behaviorusing whole-baby model[J].Heat Transfer in Medicine and Biology,1985,20(1):325-373.
- [8]KENNEY W L.Extremes of human heat tolerance:life at the precipice of thermoregulatory failure[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2004,11(29):479-485.
- [9]WANG Conglu(王从陆),WU Aiyou(伍爱友).Study of thermal equilibrium and thermal comfort on deep high temperature and humidity mine[J].Mineral Engineering Research(矿业工程研究),2009,24(2):34-36.
- [10]LIU Peng(刘鹏),ZHENG Jie(郑洁).Physiological experiment for human heat stress of skin moisture in summer season[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2014,14(6):302-306.
- [11]XU Xiangdong(徐向东),CHENG Xingren(程兴仁).Heat stress and human performance[J].China Safety Science Journal(中国安全科学学报),1994,4(5):43-46.
- [12]XING Juanjuan(刑娟娟).Study on physiological and biological changes for miners exposed to heat in underground pit[J].China Safety Science Journal(中国安全科学学报),2001,11(4):45-48.