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研究以鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)为原料制备生物质吸附剂，用于PM10的吸附。氯化钾辅助中性蛋白酶改性制备鬼针草吸附剂，并通过二次回归正交旋转组合设计优化，得到回归模型及最优处理条件。研究考察了不同粒度、投入量、温度、相对湿度、PM10初始浓度及吸附时间对改性鬼针草吸附PM10性能的影响，并探讨了吸附等温、吸附动力学和吸附热力学特征。此外，结合扫描电镜、元素分析、比表面积分析仪及傅里叶变化红外光谱分析了样品的结构及性能。结果显示：当中性蛋白酶质量浓度为0.2 mg/mL、氯化钾浓度为0.1 mol/L、氯化钾浸泡时间为21.5 min时，Ymax为18.05%；粒径为380 μm、加入质量为2 g、温度为24 ℃、相对湿度为35%、PM10初始质量浓度为500 μg/m3及吸附时间为50 min为最佳环境因素条件；该吸附过程更倾向于以化学吸附为主的物理化学混合吸附，表现为多分子层在不均匀位点上的吸附，且为自发进行的吸热反应。Freundlich等温模型和准二级动力学模型的拟合效果优于Langmuir模型和准一级动力学模型，进一步证实了多分子层及化学吸附主导的性质。热力学参数ΔG < 0、ΔH > 0、ΔS > 0一致支持上述自发吸热特性。改性鬼针草表面富含大量—OH基团，有利于吸附的发生。改性鬼针草对PM10去除率在1%水平上极显著地优于其他材料，效果优劣顺序为优化鬼针草、活性炭、竹炭、硅藻土、大孔树脂、原始鬼针草。经8次循环再生后，改性鬼针草仍具有较强的吸附能力，表明其具有良好的重复使用性和持续控制PM10的实际潜力。
Abstract：A biomass adsorbent was developed from Bidens pilosa for capturing airborne PM10. The material was modified using potassium chloride in combination with neutral protease， and the preparation process was optimized through a quadratic regression orthogonal rotation-combination design， resulting in a reliable regression model and optimal treatment conditions. The influence of particle size， adsorbent dosage， temperature， relative humidity， initial PM10 concentration， and contact time on adsorption performance was systematically examined. Furthermore， the adsorption isotherm， kinetics， and thermodynamic behavior were characterized. The structure and surface properties of the samples were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)， elemental analysis， specific surface area measurement (BET) surface area measurement， and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results indicated that with a neutral protease concentration of 0.2 mg/mL， a KCl concentration of 0.1 mol/L， and a KCl soaking time of 21.5 min， the maximum removal rate (Ymax) reached 18.05%. Optimal environmental conditions were identified as follows: particle size of 380 μm， adsorbent dosage of 2 g， temperature at 24 °C， relative humidity of 35%， initial PM10 concentration of 500 μg/m3， and an adsorption time of 50 minutes. The adsorption process was determined to be a mixed physicochemical mechanism dominated by chemisorption， involving multilayer binding on heterogeneous surface sites. This process was both spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided better fits to the experimental data compared to the Langmuir and pseudo-first-order models， further confirming the multilayer and chemisorption-dominated mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters—ΔG < 0， ΔH > 0， and ΔS > 0—consistently supported the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The surface of the modified Bidens pilosa was rich in hydroxyl (-OH) groups， greatly facilitating PM10 adsorption. The PM10 removal efficiency of the modified Bidens pilosa was significantly higher than that of other tested materials at the 1% significance level， ranking as follows: modified Bidens pilosa outperformed activated carbon， bamboo charcoal， diatomite， macroporous resin， and raw Bidens pilosa in descending order. Even after eight regeneration cycles， the modified Bidens pilosa retained strong adsorption capacity， indicating its excellent reusability and practical potential for sustained PM10 control.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2026.0322
中图分类号:TQ424;X513
引用信息:
[1]陈莉,代治蓉,熊晓明,等.鬼针草吸附剂制备及对PM_(10)吸附机理[J].安全与环境学报().DOI:10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2026.0322.
基金信息:
教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目（22YJA790006）; 山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目（2023–166）; 运城市1331旅游管理重点学科课题（202507）; 山西科技学院科研启动经费项目（2024020）
2026-08-10
2026-08-10
2026-08-10