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对我国近十年的火灾统计数据进行了分析,并对比了我国近63年来的历史火灾数据和美国的火灾统计数据。2003—2012年,我国的火灾起数、受伤人数和直接财产损失及每百万人口的火灾死亡人数十年均值都要比美国低1个数量级。从1950—2012年的历史火灾数据看,我国的火灾起数和火灾伤亡人数数据存在较大幅度的波动。20世纪50年代至70年代是我国火灾死亡人数和受伤人数的高峰期,其后持续下降;2007年以后,我国每年火灾受伤人数仅为火灾死亡人数的一半左右;2010—2012年的年均火灾受伤人数为1950年以来的历史最低点。2007—2012年较大等级以上火灾的统计数据表明,虽然较大火灾起数只占全部火灾起数的0.05%,但其火灾死亡人数百分比高达20.05%;电气原因是引发较大等级以上火灾并造成人员伤亡和直接财产损失最主要的原因;酒吧、歌舞、餐饮和其他经营场所是重特大火灾高发并造成大量火灾人员伤亡的重点场所,商场和市场火灾容易造成较高的火灾直接财产损失。每年的11月至来年2月及每天晚上22:00至次日凌晨2:00是重特大火灾的多发时段。
Abstract：The given article is devoted to an analysis of fire disaster data during the period between 2003- 2012 in China while taking a historical comparison with history fire data from 1950 to2012 in China and fire data in USA as the background of the analysis. For the aforementioned analysis,we have quoted the average number per year of fires,the civilian casualty and injuries,as well as the direct property damage during 2003- 2012 in China,which account for 18 × 104,1698,1426 and 16. 26 × 108 Yuan,respectively. On the other hand,the average numbers per year of fires,the civilian injuries,the direct property damage and the civilian death rolls per million people during the decade in China tends to be less in order of magnitude than that in USA. There were several abrupt rise and decline by big margins both for fires and civilian casualties during 1950- 2012. However,it can be found that the average number per year of civilian deaths and civilian injuries fell to 2 407. 8 and 3 767. 5 during 1980- 2005 from more than 5 000 and 10 000 of the history peak in 1950s-1970 s. What is more,the number of fire casualty had steady declined since 2006 with the fire injuries becoming less than fatal per year. Furthermore,the numbers of fire injuries dropped almost by half of the fire fatalities since 2007 and the number of fire injuries per year of 590 during 2010-2012 fell to the historical bottom since 1950. On the other hand,the percentage of civilian deaths for Fire Grade III was 20. 05%,though the percentage of fires was 0. 05% from fire data during 2007-2012. As to the direct causes leading to fires,it can be said that the primary leading cause comes from the ill-treatment of the electricity or the electric instruments,installations and appliances,that is,from the fire casualties and direct property damage of Fire Grade I,II and III.What is more,the intentional fire-making and play with the heat source are another two leading causes for Fire Grade I & II.Bars,nightclubs,restaurants and others were places where Fire Grade I & II occurred frequently,and larger direct property losses were given rise to in the markets for Fire Grade I & II. Besides,it is often the case for fire-causing that took place during the time intervals from December to next May yearly and from 10: 00 am to22: 00 pm daily while fires of Fire Grade I & II take place frequently during the time intervals from November to the next February in a year and from 22: 00 pm to the next 2: 00 am daily.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2014.06.073
中图分类号:X928.7
引用信息:
[1]傅智敏.我国火灾统计数据分析[J].安全与环境学报,2014,14(06):341-345.DOI:10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2014.06.073.
基金信息:
“《工业企业防火》国家级精品资源共享课”项目
2014-12-25
2014-12-25