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为有效控制和减小瓦斯爆炸事故造成的破坏性影响，不断完善抑爆理论体系，对瓦斯爆炸特性、抑爆材料和抑爆机理等方面的研究现状进行了综述和探讨。在瓦斯爆炸特性研究方面，主要总结了初始条件(瓦斯体积分数、煤尘的参与、点火源位置及点火能、试验管道类型及属性、其他可燃气体组分及含量)对爆炸特性的影响。从惰性气体、细水雾、粉体、多孔介质、卤化烃和协同抑爆六个方面总结了瓦斯抑爆材料和抑爆机理的研究进展。分析发现，抑爆机理主要包括物理惰化、蒸发吸热、抑爆剂分解吸热、吸附自由基、消耗自由基、协同作用等。提出了当前抑爆材料的局限性并给出了改进建议，将光学诊断技术、分子动力学、化学动力学和流体动力学的研究手段结合是揭示抑爆机理的发展趋势，抑制多元混合气体爆炸的研究及揭示抑制多元混合气体爆炸机理的研究有待深入，贴合实际矿井管路结构的试验研究设备对工程应用更具指导性。
Abstract：To effectively control and mitigate the destructive effects of gas explosion accidents, the theoretical framework for explosion suppression has been continuously refined. Based on a literature review, this article provides an overview of the current state of research concerning the characteristics of gas explosions, explosion suppression materials, and the mechanisms of explosion suppression. In the study of gas explosion characteristics, the influence of initial conditions on these characteristics has been summarized. The progress in research on gas suppression materials and mechanisms is reviewed across six aspects: inert gases, fine water mists, powders, porous media, halogenated hydrocarbons, and synergistic suppression. Analysis indicates that, within a certain range, a higher volume fraction of inert gas correlates with improved explosion suppression effectiveness. Additionally, incorporating additives into fine water mists can enhance their explosion suppression performance. Research on powder materials encompasses single-phase powders, modified powders, and compounded powders; both modified and compounded powders have been shown to enhance suppression efficacy. Furthermore, porous media demonstrate significant effectiveness in initial explosion suppression. The most commonly used halogenated hydrocarbon for explosion suppression is heptafluoropropane; however, lower volume fractions of heptafluoropropane can have a catalytic effect on explosions. Additionally, the synergistic effect of combined suppressants is more effective than that of a single inhibitor. The suppression mechanisms of these materials include physical inerting, evaporation and heat absorption, decomposition and heat absorption, absorption of free radicals, consumption of free radicals, and synergistic effects. This article also discusses the limitations of current explosion suppression materials and provides suggestions for improvement. The integration of optical diagnostic technology, molecular dynamics, chemical dynamics, and fluid dynamics represents a developmental trend aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of explosion suppression. Further development is needed in the study of suppressing explosions in multiple gas mixtures and in elucidating the mechanisms involved. Additionally, experimental research equipment that aligns with the actual structure of mine pipelines would be more informative for engineering applications.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2024.1155
中图分类号:TD712.7
引用信息:
[1]贾进章,田秀媛.瓦斯爆炸抑制研究进展及发展趋势[J].安全与环境学报,2025,25(01):95-107.DOI:10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2024.1155.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(52174183,52374203)
2024-09-10
2024-09-10
2024-09-10