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随机抽取国内部分市场的精米样品(44个籼米和47个粳米样品),分别测定样品中Cd、Zn和Se的含量并分析籼米与粳米中Cd、Zn和Se含量的差异及其相互关系。结果表明,91个样品中Cd含量超标(食品卫生质量标准)的达10%左右。若以USEPA推荐的成人RfD(Cd)值计算摄取量,则70%的大米潜存着Cd食物暴露风险问题。稻米的Zn、Se含量偏低,不能满足正常的膳食摄取需要。稻米的Cd含量与Cd/Zn(Cd含量/Zn含量)之间、Se含量与Se/Zn(Se含量/Zn含量)之间均存在显著的正相关,这表明稻米中Zn的积累强度低于Cd和Se。90%的样品中Cd/Zn未超出美国学者提出的建议临界值0.015,且Cd超标与Cd/Zn超标可能不同时出现。籼米的Cd、Se含量明显高于粳米的,且90%的籼米潜存着Cd健康风险,这表明食用籼米时的Cd食物安全风险远大于粳米。我国稻米的重金属元素含量及相互关系应在环境与人类健康研究中予以关注。
Abstract：This paper is aimed at reporting its investigation over the content of heavy metals in different sorts of rice so far available on the Chinese markets by sampling 91 sorts of rice including 47 of Japonica and 44 of Indica. The motive of our research is closely related to the health hazards due to food exposure for Chinese people. It is well known that rice has been a predominant diet source in our country. The samples of ours have just been randomly chosen from some open markets over China in 2005. Their respective content rates of Cd, Zn and Se are then determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) individually with the mutual relationship among these elements analyzed. The results of our investigation show that about 10% of the samples had a Cd content beyond the State Food Security Standards (0.2 mg·kg-1), while 70% of the above samples is likely to exert potential health hazards due to the exposure of Cd if the RfD ( USEPA, 2000) value is taken as a reference. In addition, the content levels of Zn and Se in the rice samples prove generally rather low, failing to meet the health need regulation through the regular dietary intake. On the other hand, it is found from our research that there indeed exists positive correlation between the content of Cd and that of Zn, as well as between Se content and that of Zn ratio, which indicates a slight accumulation of Zn in relation to Cd and Se. However, on the whole, 90% of the rice samples has a lower Cd/Zn ratio than the critical value of 0.015 proposed by the American standard. In addition, samples with high Cd content may not be necessarily beyond the regular high Cd/Zn ratio. The fact is that the rice samples of Indica may imply much higher Cd and Se content level than that of Japonica, with the former suggesting a far higher Cd exposure hazard than the latter. Therefore, the present research can be used as a valuable reference to further studies for the potential effects of the toxic heavy metal content in rice on the human health as well as their relation to the soil-crop-food security.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:X820;X836
引用信息:
[1]甄燕红,成颜君,潘根兴,等.中国部分市售大米中Cd、Zn、Se的含量及其食物安全评价[J].安全与环境学报,2008,No.43(01):119-122.
基金信息:
教育部高等学校博士点专项研究基金项目(B200613)