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新能源产业的飞速发展使磷酸铁锂电池广泛应用于储能领域。磷酸铁锂电池电解液固有的可燃性使其热稳定性和安全性问题不容忽视。为了更好地防控储能电站的爆炸事故，有必要开展储能电池的热失控过程研究，并对产气过程和产气组分的危害性进行深入分析。开展了不同荷电状态(State of Charge, SOC)60 Ah磷酸铁锂电池热失控试验，根据电池温度演变曲线，将电池热失控过程分成三个阶段；依据电池产气曲线，将电池产气过程分为四个阶段；使用FLACS软件建模对预混气体进行了爆炸仿真，探索了SOC对可燃气体燃爆行为的影响规律，混合可燃气体的爆炸上下限和爆炸超压随着SOC的增大而增大。研究成果对储能电站的安全防护具有理论指导意义。
Abstract：To better prevent and control explosion accidents in energy storage stations, it is necessary to conduct research on the thermal runaway process of energy storage batteries and to conduct an in-depth analysis of the produced gases and their components for potential safety hazards. This study conducted in-depth research on the thermal runaway process of energy storage batteries. Through 500 W heating tests on 60 Ah lithium iron phosphate batteries at different State of Charge(SOC), the study systematically analyzed the potential hazards of the produced gas components. FLACS software was used to study the hazardous nature of the gas components and, combined with the temperature-voltage-gas production curve evolution, summarized the thermal runaway process and gas production process of the battery. The research divided the thermal runaway process of the battery into three stages: thermal accumulation stage(Stage Ⅰ), thermal equilibrium stage(Stage Ⅱ), and thermal runaway and cooling stage(Stage Ⅲ). Besides, a thorough analysis of the gases produced by the battery was conducted, dividing the gas production process into four stages. It was found in the study that the thermal runaway of the battery triggers gas production, and the amount of gas production increases with the development of thermal runaway. Furthermore, FLACS software is used for explosion simulation, simulating the explosion behavior of premixed gases, and calculating the explosion limits of the gas components. The simulation and calculation results indicate that the variation in battery SOC has an impact on the combustion behavior of the combustible gases; the explosion limits and explosion overpressure of the mixed combustible gases increase with increasing in SOC. These research findings have important theoretical guidance significance for the safety protection of energy storage batteries and can provide a basis for the safety design of batteries, the formulation of emergency plans, and accident response.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2023.0588
中图分类号:TM912
引用信息:
[1]朱艳丽,徐艺博,王聪杰,等.不同荷电状态磷酸铁锂电池热失控温度与产气特性分析[J].安全与环境学报,2024,24(01):143-151.DOI:10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2023.0588.
基金信息:
国家电网有限公司总部科技项目(5419-202255062A-1-1-ZN)
2024-01-16
2024-01-16