安全与环境学报

为了给紧急救援物资支持保障中心的物资调度人员提供科学的车辆路线调度决策方法,提高应急救援工作的响应能力,基于应急条件下物资运输调度的时效性、安全性和经济性特征,运用旅行商理论,对上述3个决策属性分量进行了数学描述,构造了它们的目标函数,并进行了无量纲和权重聚合处理,继而按照多属性决策理论建立了用来评价备选线路决策效用函数的数学模型。利用期望效用属性合并所搜集的信息,将多属性决策问题转化成单属性决策问题,确立了选择具有最高期望效用方案的方法,最后进行了实例分析。结果表明,应急救援条件下的运输调度与正常环境下的企业运输调度决策目标之间存在明显的差异,前者虽然本质上属于图论中最短路线问题的范畴,但由于多个决策目标的存在,不能直接运用最短路线模型和Dijkstra算法求解。运用多属性决策理论建立的评价备选线路决策效用函数,是有关人员进行车辆路线安排的有效方法,但其相对优越性尚需做进一步的研究和探讨。

This paper aims to introduce the authors' study of route choice for vehicles transporting exigency materials based on the Traveling Salesman theory as to the principles of timely, security and economy of the material dispatching under exigency situation. To describes the above three decision-making parameters in accordance with mathematics theory, it is necessary to establish their objective functions through processing the dimensionless technique and weight aggregation so as to set up a mathematical model for evaluating the utility of prepared route, and model merges collected information according to the expectation utility attributes as well as to make the multi-attribute decision-making problems into the single one. In order to find a scientific vehicle route and define a scheduling decision-making method for a dispatched person in an emergency rescue material transporting center and enhance the response effect of the emergency rescue, it is necessary to choose and establish the highest expectation utility plan. And, finally, an example has been presented in the paper for demonstrative analysis. The results indicate that there is a distinct difference between the objective decision of the transporting dispatch under emergency situation and the objective decision of enterprise transport dispatch under normal state. The former belongs to the shortest path problem of graph theory, but it can't be directly solved by the shortest path model and Dijkstra method, because there remains a problem for multiple decision-making objectives. Thus, the method based on the multiple attribute decision-making theory in evaluating the utility of the prepared routing proves effective for the person to schedule vehicle routing. But, its comparative superiority remains to be further explored and discussed.