| 0 | 0 | 12 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
为评估灭火系统在电缆隧道火灾中的有效性，利用锥形量热仪与全尺寸电缆隧道灭火试验，系统分析了电缆火灾的燃烧特性和演变规律，并对比研究了液氮、高压细水雾和超细干粉三种灭火系统在电缆隧道火灾从初期增长向快速发展过渡阶段的灭火效能及作用机理。结果表明：当液氮灭火系统布置于电缆桥架正上方时，该系统通过冷却与窒息的高效双重作用及对深层火源优异的渗透性，表现出最优异的灭火效能，灭火时间仅需184 s，降温速率高达3.50 ℃/s；高压细水雾系统主要依靠细水雾汽化展现其冷却和窒息作用，灭火过程表现出渐进式抑制特性，灭火时间约为250 s；相比之下，超细干粉系统降温缓慢，冷却作用较差，颗粒难以渗透至电缆束深层火源，在灭火后极易发生复燃。
Abstract：To evaluate the effectiveness of fire extinguishing systems in cable tunnel fires， this paper combines cone calorimeter testing with full-scale physical experiments conducted in cable tunnels. It systematically reveals the combustion characteristics and evolution patterns of cable fires， analyzes the fire suppression efficacy during the transition from the initial growth phase to the rapid development phase for three extinguishing systems—liquid nitrogen， high-pressure fine water mist， and ultra-fine dry powder—and elucidates the extinguishing mechanisms of these systems based on the results obtained. Both the cone calorimeter and full-scale cable tunnel tests confirm that cable materials exhibit a strong tendency for secondary combustion and possess extremely high self-sustaining combustion capabilities. In the absence of external thermal radiation， the Peak Heat Release Rate (PHRR1 and PHRR2) of the cable reaches as high as 145.1 kW/m2 and 135.1 kW/m， respectively. The results from the full-scale fire extinguishing tests indicate that when the liquid nitrogen extinguishing system is positioned directly above the cable bridge， it demonstrates the best fire control efficacy， extinguishing the fire in only 184 s with a cooling rate of up to 3.50 ℃/s. In contrast， the high-pressure water mist system takes approximately 250 s to extinguish the fire， exhibiting progressive suppression characteristics. Although the ultra-fine dry powder system can suppress open flames， it is prone to rekindling after extinguishment due to its low cooling efficiency. The differences in fire extinguishing efficiency among the three systems for cable tunnel fires primarily stem from their distinct dominant mechanisms. Liquid nitrogen penetrates deep into the fire source effectively due to rapid phase-change heat absorption and suffocation resulting from its extremely low temperature. The high-pressure water mist relies on droplet vaporization for heat absorption and local suffocation， but its efficacy is limited by the droplet penetration force and vaporization rate. The ultra-fine dry powder mainly functions through chemical inhibition to disrupt the chain reaction， making it challenging to effectively dissipate deep heat; furthermore， its particles fail to penetrate the cable bundle adequately， resulting in a high risk of reignition.
[1] Huang Ping， Ye Shenglin， Qin Liang， et al. Experimental study on the maximum excess ceiling gas temperature generated by horizontal cable tray fires in urban utility tunnels[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences， 2022， 172: 107341.
[2] Xu Desheng， Li Yanfeng， Yang Xin， et al. Enhancing resilience in urban utility tunnels power transmission systems: analysing temperature distribution in near-wall cable fires for risk mitigation[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology， 2024， 152: 105911.
[3] Pan Rongliang， Hostikka S， Zhu Ghuoqing， et al. Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of transverse heat flux attenuation during fire in utility tunnel[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology， 2023， 142: 105411.
[4] 王婵， 黄业胜， 蒋亚强， 等. 防火分隔形式对电缆隧道火灾的影响规律研究[J]. 安全与环境工程， 2023， 30(6): 55–63.
[5] Li Xin， Xiang Feng， Yan Long， et al. Fire suppression behavior and dynamic diffusion characteristic of liquid nitrogen in cable tunnel fires[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology， 2025， 166: 106984.
[6] 张建勇. 液氮扑灭模拟火灾试验[J]. 煤矿安全技术， 1984(4): 1–10.
[7] Zhou Fubao， Shi Bobo， Cheng Jianwei， et al. A new approach to control a serious mine fire with using liquid nitrogen as extinguishing media[J]. Fire Technology， 2015， 51(2): 325–334.
[8] An D， Sunderland P， Lathrop D. Suppression of sodium fires with liquid nitrogen[J]. Fire Safety Journal， 2013， 58: 204–207.
[9] Shi Bobo， Zhou Fubao. Fire extinguishment behaviors of liquid fuel using liquid nitrogen jet[J]. Process Safety Progress， 2016， 35(4): 407–413.
[10] Meng Jianbing， Wang Tingrong， Li Guanghua， et al. Simulation test on cooling and fire suppression with liquid nitrogen in computer room of data center[J]. Fire， 2023， 6(3): 116.
[11] 贾伯岩， 张鹏， 张媛媛. 地下综合管廊电缆舱液氮灭火效能研究[J]. 安全与环境学报， 2022， 22(2): 725–732.
[12] Ping Ping， Gao Xinzeng， Kong Depeng， et al. Experimental study on the synergistic strategy of liquid nitrogen and water mist for fire extinguishing and cooling of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection， 2024， 188: 713–725.
[13] Zhang Ghuowei， Guo Dong， Zhu Gguoqing， et al. Influence of injection method on the fire extinguishing efficiency of liquid nitrogen in urban underground utility tunnel[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering， 2021， 28: 101427.
[14] Guo Dong， Zhang Guowei， Zhu Guoqing， et al. Applicability of liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing in urban underground utility tunnel[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering， 2020， 21: 100657.
[15] 张志伟， 张国维， 朱国庆， 等. 基于Fluent的地下管廊液氮灭火数值模拟方法[J]. 中国安全科学学报， 2022， 32(8): 133–139.
[16] Zhang Shaohua， Zhao Jinlong， Zhai Xu， et al. Study on high-pressure water mist fire extinguishing for urban underground substations: full-scale experiments and mechanism analysis[J]. Journal of Building Engineering， 2025， 116: 114636.
[17] Zhou Yang， Bu Rong， Gong Junhui， et al. Assessment of a clean and efficient fire-extinguishing technique: Continuous and cycling discharge water mist system[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production， 2018， 182: 682–693.
[18] Kan Deyuan， Feng Shouzhong， Yan Zhiguo， et al. Full-scale experimental study on the smoke and thermal insulation of a water mist fire extinguishing system in a short road tunnel with natural ventilation[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology， 2025， 158: 106414.
[19] 刘慧敏， 杜志明， 韩志跃， 等. 干粉灭火剂研究及应用进展[J]. 安全与环境学报， 2014， 14(6): 70–75.
[20] 王婵， 谢冬， 黄业胜， 等. 城市综合管廊局部应用超细干粉灭火装置的实体火灾试验研究[J]. 给水排水， 2023， 59(12): 75–79， 86.
[21] 陈善求， 赵雯筠， 颜龙， 等. 基于CONE的超高温耐火电缆火灾危险性分析[J]. 消防科学与技术， 2022， 41(2): 156–160.
[22] Xu Tong， Dai Xiaole， Wang Kai， et al. Study on combustion characteristics of cables with spacing arrangement under different external radiation conditions[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Resilience， 2025， 7(2): 100255.
[23] Zheng Xuezhao， Cai Guobin， Guo Jun， et al. Combustion characteristics and thermal decomposition mechanism of the flame-retardant cable in urban utility tunnel[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering， 2023， 44: 102887.
基本信息:
DOI：10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2025.2154
中图分类号:U458
引用信息:
[1]颜龙,王俊怡,徐志胜,等.三种灭火系统在全尺寸电缆隧道火灾中的灭火效能研究[J].安全与环境学报().DOI:10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2025.2154.
基金信息:
湖南省重点研发计划项目（2024AQ2019）; 贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合支撑[2024]一般133）; 湖南省科技创新计划项目（2025RC3039）; 中南大学研究生自主探索创新项目（2026ZZTS0855）
2026-07-23
2026-07-23
2026-07-23